Cultural tourism policy in developing regions: The case of Sarawak, Malaysia
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Date
2020
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Publisher
Elservier
Abstract
There is a need for empirical data that can be used to confirm or disconfirm literature that makes a case for
functional linkages between cultural activity, inbound tourism and wider economic activity. This motivates a
case-based investigation using Sarawak, a culturally rich state of Malaysia and which is currently trying to
diversify and uplift its economy. Using interviews of tourism operators, artists and cultural brokers, visits to art
venues and examination of documentary material, the paper identifies Sarawak’s cultural and tourism policies,
the ways they have been operationalized, and some of the concrete outcomes. The findings are interpreted by
parsing Adorno’s concepts of significance and function into their normative, representational and material di
mensions. Tourism planners, it is found, have exoticized and marginalized local communities at the cost of
developing a diversified economy. The policy dilemma extends to policy objects. How can artists relocated to
urban areas be enabled to be productive on their own terms, and how can faraway communities lend support to
their artists? Solutions might be sought, it is argued, using a participatory approach to cultural tourism planning.
Description
Tourism Management 81 (2020) 104166
Keywords
Cultural tourism; Policy; Performing arts; Heritage; Malaysia; Sarawak