Crowd management : risk, security and health

Abstract

This is the first text to present a system for crowd management which integrates security with the other concerns for the health and safety for crowds, looking at the theories and practices of the management processes, plans, monitoring and evaluation of crowds. The management of crowds in events and festivals is extremely complex as such situations are unpredictable. Whilst traditional planning is initially used, a fixed plan only works when the crowd is compliant. Every event management team now needs to understand the complexity, the decisions under uncertainty and the long tail risks in order to successfully plan and maintain optimum crowd safety.